Ramsar sites in India

 

 Ramsar sites in India

•   A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands".

• This convention was established on 2nd February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran by UNESCO, and came into force on 21st December,1975.
• It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources.
• India has a total of 75 Ramsar sites as of now.
• Let us look at these sites across various states In India.

 Andhra Pradesh. 

 It has only one Ramsar site.

1)      Kolleru Lake is one of the largest fresh-water lakes in India located. It is situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh. 

2)      It is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas.

Tamil Nadu. 

It has the largest number of Ramsar sites in India. It has 14 Ramsar sites. They are -

1)      Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest

2)      Karikili Bird Sanctuary

3)      Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary

4)      Pichavaram Mangrove

5)      Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary

6)      Point Kalimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary

7)      Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary

8)      Kanjurankulam Bird Sanctuary

9)      Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary

10)   Gulf of Mannar Bird Sanctuary

11)   Koonthakulam Bird Sanctuary

12)   Sanchindram Theroor Wetland Complex

13)   Vembannur Wetland Complex

14)   Vellode Bird Sanctuary

Ø    Kerala 

 h    It is only three Ramsar sites. They are –

1)      Vembanad Lake -

2)      Sasthamkotta Lake

3)      Ashtamudi Bird Sarnctuary

Ø  Karnataka  

    It has only one Ramsar site. It is –

1) Rangnathittu Bird Sanctuary, which is situated in the Mandya district of Karnataka. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the state.

Ø  Goa  

    It has only one Ramsar site. It is –

1.       Nanda Lake

Ø  Maharashtra – 

    It has 3 Ramsar sites.

1. Thane Creeck – It is an inlet in the shoreline of the Arabian Sea that isolates the city of Mumbai (Bombay) from the Konkan region of the Indian mainland.

2. Nandur Badhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary is located in the Nashik District of Maharashtra

3. Lonar Lake which is located in Buldhana district of Maharashtra. It is one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock anywhere on Earth.

Ø Gujarat –

1.Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary – it is located in Jamnagar district of Gujarat.

• The sanctuary is unique having both fresh water lakes, salt and freshwater marshlands. 
• About 300 species of migratory birds have been recorded here.

2. Nalsarovar Lake -   

• It is situated about 64 km to the west of Ahmedabad district. 
• It is the largest wetland bird sanctuary in Gujarat, and one of the largest in India.

3. The Wadhwana wetland is located in Vadodara district of Gujarat.

4. Thol Lake – It is an artificial lake near Thol village in Mehsana District, Gujarat.

Ø  Madhya Pradesh. 

    It has four Ramsar sites.

1.      Yashwant Sagar –

• It is a dam reservoir on Gambhir river in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh.
•  It is one of the strongholds of the vulnerable Sarus crane in central India. 

2.    Sirpur Lake – it is located in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh.

3.   The Bhoj Wetland – it consists of two lakes – Bhojtal (Upper Lake) &                         the Lower Lake.

 4.  Madhav National Park is situated in Shivpuri District of Gwalior division in northwest Madhya Pradesh.

Ø  Rajastha. 

I        It has only two ramasar sites.

1. The Sambhar Salt Lake – it is India's largest inland salt lake. It is located in Sambhar Lake Town, Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

2. Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park is a famous Bird sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India, that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season.

Ø  Haryana – 

    It has only two Ramsar sites.

1.Sultanpur National Park, and

2.Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuaryis. Both are located at Sultanpur village in Gurugram Haryana.

Ø  Punjab. 

      It has six Ramsar sites.

1.       Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve

2.        Kanjli Wetland

3.       Beas Conservation Reserve

4.       Harike Wetland

5.        Ropar Wetland

6.       Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary

Ø  Jammu and Kashmir – 

     It has six Ramsar sites.

1. Surinsar-Mansar Lakes – It consists of two lakes – Surinsar and Mansar.

2. Areas around Surinsar and mansar lakes are rich in forests. 

3. The Hokersar wetland – It is in Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies in the Kashmir Valley.

4. Hygam wetland – It lies downstream of Wular Lake with which it is connected and forms an important site for biodiversity conservation. 

5. Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve – This shallow wetland is primarily fed by rainfall, snowmelt from the Kashmir Himalayas, and stream water flowing from the Sindh river and Anchar Lake. 

6. Wular Lake – it is one of the largest fresh-water lakes in South Asia. It is located in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Ø  Ladakh – 

     It has two Ramsar sites.

1.Tso Kar – it is a fluctuating salt lake situated in the southern part of Ladakh in India.

2.Tso Moriri, also known as "Mountain Lake", is a lake in the Changthang Plateau of Ladakh. 

Ø  Himachal Pradesh. 

    It has three Ramsar sites.

1. Pong Dam, also known as Maharana Pratap Sagar is a large reservoir in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. It is one of the most important fishing reservoirs in the state. It is one of the leading source of fish within the Himalayan states.

2. Chandra Tal is a lake in Lahul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Chandra Taal is near the source of the Chandra River.

3. Renuka lake – It is in the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest lake in Himachal Pradesh.

Ø  Uttarakhand.

     It has only one Ramsar site in the state.

1) Asan Barrage – it is a barrage in the Doon Valley at Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. It is situated at the confluence of the Eastern Yamuna Canal and the Asan River.

Ø  Uttar Pradesh. 

         It has the second largest number of Ramsar sites after Tamil Nadu in India.

1.       Haiderpur wetland

2.       Sursarovar Lake

3.       Saman Bird Sanctuary

4.       Sarsai Nawar Jheel

5.       Sandi Bird Sanctuary

6.       Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary

7.       Samaspur Bird Sanctuary

8.       Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary

9.       Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary

10.   Upper Ganga River.

Ø Bihar –

1.       Kabar Taal Lake. It is located in Begusarai district of Bihar. It is the Asia's largest freshwater oxbow lake. It is a residual oxbow lake, formed due to meandering of Burhi Gandak river, a tributary of Ganga.

Ø West Bengal –

1)    The East Calcutta Wetlands – they are a complex of natural and human-made wetlands lying east of the city of  Kolkata in West Bengal.  

2) The Sundarbans National Park is a national park, tiger reserve and biosphere reserve in West Bengal, India. It is part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta and adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh.

Ø Odisha –

1)      Hirakud Dam. It is built across the Mahanadi River and is located in Sambalpur district of Odisha. It is the longest earthen dam in the world. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India's independence. 

2)      Bhitarkanika Mangroves – it is bounded by the famous Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary to the east.

3)      Ansupa Lake – it is a horseshoe-shaped fresh water oxbow lake on the left bank of the Mahanadi river in Cuttack district, Odisha.

4)      Satkosia Gorge – it is a gorge in eastern Odisha carved by the Mahanadi River. The gorge is located within the Satkosia Tiger Reserve.

5)      Chilika Lake - it is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khordha and Ganjam districts of Odisha.

6)      Tampara Lake – it is a fresh water lake situated on the right bank of the Rushikulya River in Ganjam district of Odisha. 

Ø Assam –

1)      Deepor Beel – it is located to the south-west of Guwahati city, in Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam. It is a permanent freshwater lake, in a former channel of the Brahmaputra River, to the south of the main river.

Ø Manipur –  

        It has only one Ramsar site, i.e.

1)    Loktak Lake. It is a freshwater lake in. It is famous for the phumdi floating over it. This is the reason why it is also known as floating lake.

Ø Mizoram -

         It has only one Ramsar site, i.e.

1)     Pala Wetland – it is also known as Palak Dil or Pala Tipo is the largest and biggest lake in Mizoram. It is located Saiha district of Mizoram.  The lake is a major component of the Palak Wildlife Sanctuary.

Ø Tripura – 

    It has only Ramsar site, i.e.

1)     Rudrasagar – it is located in Melaghar, Tripura.  Rudrasagar Lake is a natural sedimentation reservoir, which receives flow from three perennial streams namely, Noacherra, Durlavnaraya cherra and Kemtali cherra.

 

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