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NCERT Class 12 || Geography || India People and Economy

 Exercises

1. Choose the right answers of the followings from the given options.

    (i) India's population as per 2011 Census is : 

        (a) 1028 million

        (b) 3182 million

        (c) 3287 million

        (d) 1210 million 

        Answer : (d) 1210 million

    (ii) Which one of the following states has the highest density of             population in India ? 

        (a) West Bengal

        (b) Kerala

        (c) Uttar Pradesh

        (d) Punjab

        Answer : (a) West Bengal

    (iii) Which one of the following states has the highest                         proportion of urban population in India according to 2011             Census ?

        (a) Tamil Nadu

        (b) Maharashtra

        (c) Kerala

        (d) Goa

         Answer : (b) Maharashtra 

    (iv) Which one of the following is the largest linguistic group of             India? 

        (a) Sino-Tibetan

        (b) Indo-Aryan

        (c) Austric

        (d) Dravidian

         Answer : (b) Indo-Aryan/Indo-European

2. Answer the following question in about 30 words.

(i) Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.

Answer:- 

Concentration of population in a region is highly determined by the climate of the region. Regions with higher rainfall, or regions having sufficient availability of water resources such as North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have higher proportion of population than that of water scarcity regions such as southern and central Indian States, Himalayas, some of the north eastern and western states.  

(ii) Which states have large rural population in India? Give one reason for large rural population ?

Answer: 

Bihar, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, etc have large proportion of population in India. Huge proportion of population in these states is dependent on agriculture and allied sectors. This is reason why these states have higher rural population.  

(iii) Why do some states of India have higher rates of work participation than others ?

Answer:- 

States like Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalay, and Union Territories including Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu  have higher rates of work participation because these areas have lower level of economic development since number of manual workers are needed to perform the subsistence or near subsistence economic activities.

(iv) 'The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers'. Explain.

Answer:  

Indian population is dividend into three economic groups - main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers. While workers i.e. main and marginal workers constitute 39.8%, non-workers constitute almost 60%. Workers are again divided into three sectors, i.e, primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Majority of Indian workers are engaged in the primary sector or agricultural sector. As per Census 2011, 54.6% of Indian working working population is involved in agriculture. States with largest proportion of workers involved in agriculture include Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Arunachal Predesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand etc.

 3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words. 

(i) Discuss the spatial pattern of density of population in India. 

Answer:

Population density refers to the number of persons per unit area. The density of population in India (2011) is 382 persons per square kilometer. Population density varies area-wise in India. People tend to live in those places where they easily find means or survival. People don't want to live where climate is harsh and unfavorable, rather they want to reside where water is easily available either by rainwater or river water. Some of northeastern, Himalayan, western, interior districts of southern and central Indian states have low densities. For example, 

  • Northeastern states:- 
    • Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density with 17 persons per square kilometer
    • Nagaland - 119
    • Manipur - 122
    • Meghalay - 132
    • Mizoram - 52 
    • Sikkim - 86
  • Himalayan states
    • Jammu & Kashmir 124
    • Himachal Pradesh 123
    • Uttarakhand 189
  • Western States:- 
    • Rajasthan - 201
  • Central India - 
    • Chhattisgarh - 189
    • MP - 236
  • Andaman and Nicobar Island - 46

Coastal areas have high density of population. For example - 

    • Puducherry - 2598
    • Daman & Diu - 2169
    • West Bengal - 1029
    • Lakshadween - 2013
    • Kerala - 859
    • Dadra and Nagar Haweli - 689
  • Bihar is the state with largest population density.  
  • Delhi is the Union Territory with the largest population density, i.e, 11,297 persons/kms
  • Chandigarh - 9252.

 (ii) Give an account of the occupational structure of India's population. 

   Answer:

 Indian working population has been divided into four categories - 

  1. Cultivators
  2. Agricultural laborers
  3. Household Industrial workers
  4. Other workers
Out of the above four, about 54.6% of total working population are cultivators and agricultural laborers, whereas only 3.8% workers are engaged in household industries, and the rest 41% is engaged in other works including non-household industries, trade, commerce, construction, repair, and other services. Cultivator and agricultural laborers are classified as involved in primary sector, whereas 'household industrial workers are said to be involved in secondary or industrial sector and rest of workers are treated as involved in tertiary or service sector. In last one decade there has been seen a trend of gradual shift from primary to service sector.

 

You can also read the following :-
NCERT Text Book - Class-11- Chapter-1 - History- Themes in World History - Solutions to Questions 


 

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