VR Civil Services

  JPSC CS Paper-VI - Group C - Agricultural Science Government Schemes for the benefits of the farmers of the state Mukhyamantri Krishi Ashirwad Yojna (MKAY) -  Aim -  Improving financial situation of farmers  Provide them with timely investment support before the start of the Kharif season . Benefits -  Marginal and small farmers will be given Rs. 5000 per acre per year (upto maximum 5 acres ) through DBT . Jharkhand Krishi Rin Mafi Yojana (JKRMY) Launched in Feb 2021. It is a loan waiver scheme for the farmers of the state. Benefit - Rs. 50,000/- per farmer. Eligibility - Permanent resident of Jharkhand Small and marginal farmers who have borrowed loan through Kisan Credit Card . Self cultivator farmers Farmers above  18 years of age Only one farmer per family  Jharkhand Kisan Fasal Rahat Yojana (JKFRY) Aim - providing security cover to farmers in case of crop failure due to natural calamity. Eligibility Resident of Jharkhand Small and Mar...

  JPSC CS Paper-VI - Group C - Agricultural Science Soil fertility status of Jharkhand- Application of Vermi compost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) for improving soil health. Nitrogen fixing bacteria; their applications and Concept of Organic farming   SOILS OF JHARKHAND   The soil of Jharkhand may broadly be classified into following five groups : A. Red Soil B. Sandy Soil C. Black Soil D. Laterite Soil E. Red Micacious Soil   A. Red Soil: These soils are made by the decomposition of crystalline metamorphic rock such as granite, gneiss, etc. The colour of the soil is red at some places, and at many places, it is just like chocolate which is dark in colour. This type of soil is found in most areas of Jharkhand except in narrow trough basin of Damodar and in Rajmahal areas.   Main properties:         I.             It is less fertile. ...

 The Gupta Empire (319 AD - 540 AD) Gupta empire emerged on the ruins of the Kushan kingdom.  The empire orginated in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and expanded in almost whole India excluding interior south and Kashmir.  Prayag was the nerve centre of their administration.  They were originally Vaishyas . The founder of the Gupta empire was Srigupta .  The empire witnessed three most important rulers - Chandragupta-I, Samudragupta and Chandragupta-II .  Extent of the Empire Three Gupta rulers  Chandragupta-I, Samudragupta snd Chandragupta-II Contributed the most to the expansion of the empire. Chandragupta I (AD 319 - 334) Marriage alliance was the tool of Chandragupta I for expansion of the empire. He married a Lichchavi princess from Nepal and strengthened his position. Since he married in a higher clan of kshatriya, he earned prestige.  Samudragupta (AD 335-380) He is given credit for the most of expansions of the empire.  Samudragupta w...

  The Kushans (1st century CE to 3rd centrury CE) Also called Yuechis or Tocharians , the Kushans were nomadic people from the steppes of north Central Asia .  They first occupied Bactria or north Afghanistan where they displaced the Sakas .  They moved to Kabul valley and captured Gandhara by crossing the Hindu Kush . Here, they replaced Greeks and Parthians.  They eventually established their authority over the lower Indus basin and the greater part of the Gangetic basin . The Kushan empire in India was known as the Central Asian Empire . There were two successive dynasties Kushans - the first was founded by house of chiefs who were called Kadphises, and the second was founded by Kanishka.   Kushan ruler - Kadphises-I issued gold coins in the south of the Hindu Kush , while the second ruler Kadphises-II issued gold coins and spread his kingdom to the east of the Indus. Kanishka was the first famous Kushan ruler . Kanishka is known for two reasons -...

About The Licchavi Kingdom The Lichchavis were the most powerful of the eight clans of Vajji janapad . Their capital was at Vaishali (Bihar).  They were an Indo-Aryan tribe who conquered the territory of the Maha-Videha kingdom and temporarily occupied the Videha capital of Mithila . Given to rising power of Magadha empire , Lichchavis established their republic in the southern part of Maha-Videha kingdom until the marginal location of Vaishali , which was their largest city and capital. To the south of Vaishali was situated the kingdom of Magadha with which relations of Vaishali were initially good. Chellana , the Lichchavi princes from Vaishali was married to Magadha king Bimbisara . Chellana was the second wife of Bimbisara. She gave birth to Ajatshatru , who did not care about relations and invaded and annexed Vaishali in Magadha empire. Republican Constitution of The Lichchavis According to Panini , the janapadas (territorial states) were generally headed by ekraja or on...

  Ashoka's Foreign Policy After the Kalinga war, Ashoka was filled with grief and remorse in his heart because the war witnessed the death of hundreds of thousands of people including women, old men and children. Ashoka, as a result adopted pacific policy, i.e. p olicy of peace, non-aggression and cultural conquest. He adopted Buddhism . His rest of life spent in spreading Buddhism within and outside the country. His foreign palicy may be summed up as follows:  He sent ambessadors of peace to the Greek kingdoms in West Asia and Greece . He sent Buddhist missionaries for the propagation of Buddhism to Sri Lanka and Central Asia . His policies had great impact in Kandhar where the hunters and fishermen gave up killing animals and took a agricultural life.  Ashoka's inscriptions have been found in Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. His inscriptions carries royal orders and his career, and his external and domestic policies and the extent of his empire.  Ashoka fa...

  Origin ofthe IVC The timeline of the development of Indus Valley Civilization  Following causes are responsible for the orgin of the IVC: -  Natural environment: - The current environment of the Harappa area is not favorable for craft and cultivation. But, in 3000-2000 BC, the area witnessed heavy rainfall and substantial flow of water into the Indus and its tributary Sarsvati (dried up Hakra in Sindh). Water flow into Harappa-Hakra was the contribution of Satlej and Yamuna.  These two rivers had joined the Sarasvati for some centuries due to tectonic developments in the Himalayas .     These factors made a very favourable environment to develop agriculture in the region which became the base for the economy of the IVC.